No. 03 · The observatory
Port and container terminal operating systems (TOS)
Terminal systems reach end of life. Same-vendor upgrades show the default path.
- Status
- Open
- Rank
- 14 of 35 in the atlas
- Scored
- 2026-10-05
- Report
- Back to the study

- Rank
- 14 of 35, published score 58.0
- Scoring date
- 2026-10-05, reported 2026-10-09
- Buyable
- $0.1B buyable midpoint, $0.3B to $0.7B recorded legacy spend
- Factors
- size 2, pain 2.3, AI fit 3, lock-in 1, crowding 1.7
- Coverage
- none recorded
Port and container terminal operating systems (TOS)
Ranked 15 of 35 at 58 out of 100.
Software that plans and controls container and cargo terminal operations.
What the evidence says
The checked evidence corroborates bounded legacy pain in kind. Port of Tanjung Pelepas assessed its years-old Navis systems as end of life. It completed a same-vendor migration to N4 in 2019. Its COO reported no unplanned impact on customers.
Providers
The card checked three incumbents: Kaleris, Tideworks and RBS. Kaleris reports the Navis family used in more than 500 ports worldwide. Tideworks reports 130-plus terminal deployments across marine and intermodal. RBS reported over 35 terminals powered in a 2019 account. The figures mix ports, deployments and terminals. No ranking is supported.
Portchain is the recorded challenger. Its February 2024 release reports 100 terminals signed since 2021. It is a berth-alignment overlay, not a TOS replacement. Its AI-native status is recorded as unknown.
Sources:
- Portchain raises $5m to help container ships dock on time and cut carbon emissions
- Hapag-Lloyd's collaboration with Portchain on AI fleet planning
- Kaleris
- About Us | Tideworks Technology
- How it all started – Realtime Business Solutions
The pain
Long-serving systems reach end of life under growing processing demand. PTP’s assessment followed a vessel-stowage record and rising volumes.
Berth coordination still leans on phone, email and stale data. That description is a vendor narrative, not a named-customer complaint.
Sources:
- Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) - Case study - Kaleris - Supply Chain Execution Software
- Portchain raises $5m to help container ships dock on time and cut carbon emissions
Events
PTP assessed SPARCS and Express as end of life after its 2018 record. It migrated to N4 in 2019 with no unplanned customer impact. The case is vendor-published with buyer attribution.
Sources:
Limits
Pain evidence is two vendor-published accounts. Vessel-utilization records depend on facilities and capacity, not software alone. Adoption figures show overlay signups, not TOS replacement.
Sources:
- Kaleris
- About Us | Tideworks Technology
- How it all started – Realtime Business Solutions
- Portchain raises $5m to help container ships dock on time and cut carbon emissions
- Hapag-Lloyd's collaboration with Portchain on AI fleet planning
- Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) - Case study - Kaleris - Supply Chain Execution Software
In their words
no further enhancements of upgrade areas available
Source: PTP end-of-life assessment relayed in a Kaleris case-study narrative, 2022-09-22
often sharing outdated information generated via legacy systems
Source: Portchain's company narrative about its founders' observations, 2024-02-19
no unplanned impact to our landside or waterside customers
Source: Joe Schofield, COO, Port of Tanjung Pelepas, 2022-09-22
Relevant workflows
6 recorded openings. A missing mapped round is a coverage gap, not an empty field.
| Workflow | Index | Labour | AI use | Core | Mapped |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal billing, tariff disputes and productivity reporting port-terminal-operating-system:billing_and_performance_reporting | 307 | $25.6B | 27% | non-core | 0 |
| Vessel stowage and berth planning port-terminal-operating-system:vessel_berth_planning | 159 | $21.0B | 0% | non-core | 0 |
| Booking, release, EDI and customs-hold documentation port-terminal-operating-system:documentation_edi_customs | 152 | $4.4B | 13% | non-core | 0 |
| Yard allocation and housekeeping planning port-terminal-operating-system:yard_planning | 136 | $16.7B | 0% | non-core | 0 |
| Equipment dispatch and move execution port-terminal-operating-system:equipment_dispatch_execution | -435 | $49.7B | 8% | touches core | 1 |
| Gate transactions and container checking port-terminal-operating-system:gate_and_inventory_checking | -466 | $20.6B | 0% | touches core | 0 |
Recorded providers
Provider claims carry their recorded kind and citations. Undisclosed figures stay undisclosed.
| Provider | Products | Parent | Claims |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaleris | Navis Terminal Operating System family, including N4 | unknown | cl-tos-kaleris-rel (inference) source cl-tos-kaleris-inc (inference) source cl-tos-kaleris-m1 (observation) source |
| Tideworks Technology | Mainsail marine TOS, Intermodal Pro rail TOS | 2026-10-06 | cl-tos-tideworks-rel (inference) source cl-tos-tideworks-inc (inference) source cl-tos-tideworks-own (reported) source cl-tos-tideworks-m1 (observation) source |
| Realtime Business Solutions (RBS) | TOPS terminal operating solution family, including TOPX and TOPO | unknown | cl-tos-rbs-rel (inference) source cl-tos-rbs-inc (inference) source cl-tos-rbs-m1 (observation) source |
Recorded inputs
Raw scored inputs exactly as frozen. Values and units keep their recorded definitions.
| Factor | Input | Value | Count | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pain | keep_alive_share | unavailable | 2 | unavailable |
| pain | backend_failure_share | unavailable | 12 | unavailable |
| pain | app_rating_inverted | 3.620521071428571 | 14 | 3 |
| pain | failed_rate | 0.16666666666666666 | 12 | 1 |
| pain | s3_grade | weak | 1 | 3 |
| pain | mean | 2.3333333333333335 | unavailable | 2.3 |
| lockin | award_duration_months | unavailable | 2 | unavailable |
| lockin | noncompetitive_share | unavailable | 0 | unavailable |
| lockin | replacement_duration_months | 34 | 4 | 1 |
| lockin | regulator_approval | 1 | 1 | |
| lockin | mean | 1 | unavailable | 1 |
| crowding | ai_native_traction | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| crowding | funding_per_billion | 47628967.220784016 | 1 | 3 |
| crowding | yc_2024_plus | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| crowding | mean | 1.6666666666666667 | unavailable | 1.7 |
| size | users_midpoint | 1373.5 | unavailable | unavailable |
| size | buyers_mid | 444.5 | unavailable | unavailable |
| size | midpoint | 440908153.7009721 | unavailable | unavailable |
| ai_fit | mean | 2.873333333333333 | 12 | 3 |
| ai_fit | unanswered | unavailable | 0 | unavailable |
Recorded sources
28 recorded citations. Each link lands on the sources catalogue.
Back to the 35-category table or the explorer.